MAJOR TYPES OF PLAN
Based on the illustration, there are two major types
of plans. These include the following:
1.
Physical Framework
and Comprehensive Land Use Plans
This is a long term
Framework Plan, the purpose of which is to manage territory based on the four
policy areas which include: Protection, Production, Settlement, and
Infrastructure. At the national level, we have the National Physical Framework;
at the regional level, the Regional Physical Framework Plan; at Provincial
Level, the Provincial Physical Framework Plan, and; at the city/municipal
level, the city/municipal Comprehensive Land Use. These plans are interlinked
both through top-down and bottom-up manner.
2.
Socio-Economic
Development Plan
This type of plan
is a multi-year multi-sectoral development plan that encompasses the following
sectors: Social, Economic, Infrastructures, Environmental, and Institutional.
Its main purpose is to promote the general welfare. At the national level, we
have the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan; at the regional level, the
Regional Development Plan; at the provincial level the Provincial Development
Plan and at city/municipal level, the city/municipal Comprehensive Development
Plan. These plans are interlinked also on a top-down and bottom-up manner.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANS PER PLANNING AREA
National Level
1.
National Physical
Framework Plan
“The
NPFP was formulated as an integrated national land use policy agenda that would
guide the allocation, utilization, development and management of the country's
physical resources. It was approved in 1992 and had a planning horizon of
1993-2022. In 1997, however, it was replaced by the National Framework for Physical
Planning 2001-2030, with a vision of national development anchored on
sustainable development and growth with social equity. Again, the key word in
all these plans is “physical” as against “economic”; with physical planning
having a longer planning horizon (30-50 years) than the usual 5 years for
economic plans.”
“The
other key term is “framework,” which suggest a generalized concept rather than
a detailed blueprint for development. It is a physical plan upon which the
shorter (and more detailed) “medium-term” socio-economic plans are based. The
“physical framework” also suggests connectivity, and that's why systems of
urban settlements and transportation networks are more often than not included
here rather than in the economic plans. Rightly so because the development of
transport networks and other infrastructure also requires longer periods not
available in medium-term plans (Villarete 2014).”
“The
NFPP lays out policies and initiatives related to the distribution,
utilization, management, and development of land and material resources. The
ultimate purpose of the plan is to raise land productivity, protect and ensure
the sustainability of resources, facilitate the coherent development of
housing, and build an infrastructure that helps promote or assist in
development. Similar to NPFP, NFPP was established through the office of NEDA
by NLUC (National Land Use Committees), which consists of related ministries
and is in close connection with NEDA. Today NLUC is positioned as one of the
subordinate committee of NEDA committee (its position was changed by Executive
Order No.770 in 2008.)”
“There
was a reason behind the name change from NPFP to NFPP. The previous plan
restricted the actions of the lower-tiered administrative authorities. The new
framework, in contrast, is designed to relieve such restrictions and give local
authorities more say in policy decisions (i.e. consistent with local autonomy
policy enshrined in the constitution).”
“Although
there are reports that the current NFPP is planned for review just 15-years
after its beginning year, as of this writing (2016) the current NFPP 2001-2030
is still the current national physical framework plan espoused by the
Philippine national government.”
- An Overview of Spatial of Spatial Policy of Asian and
European Countries retrieved at https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/general/philippines/index_e.html. Accessed on October 19, 2017
a. Medium-Term
Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)
“A Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan
(MTPDP) remains in force for six years, corresponding to the term of office of
the country's president (however, the recent plan is a five-year plan,
“Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016”, starting from the second year of the
presidency). It is a national program that outlines the policies the president
wishes to institute during his or her term. MTPDPs corresponding to
presidential terms came into being in 1986; replacing the four-year and
five-year plans that had continued since the 1970s. The next MTPDP is expected
after the presidential elections scheduled in the month of May in 2016.”
“MTPDPs
lay out major policy initiatives, socioeconomic strategies, and major national
programs. Regional development plans, meanwhile, stipulate
strategies, programs and projects that facilitate the goals of the national
plans.”
“The National Economic and Development Authority
(NEDA), charged with drafting the MTPDPs, coordinates with related agencies in
formulating the plan. The final product is subject to the approval by a NEDA
committee made up of government cabinet members (the “Cabinet Committee”) and
chaired by the president.”
“The NEDA's drafts for the national development
plan and its policies serve as the basis for drafting, reviewing, and
deliberating the regional development plans.”
- An Overview of Spatial of Spatial Policy of Asian and
European Countries retrieved at https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/general/philippines/index_e.html. Accessed on October 19, 2017
2.
Regional Level
a.
Regional Physical Framework Plan
“In a development that paralleled the creation of
the NFPP, at the regional level, Regional Physical Framework Plans (RPFPs) came
to be drafted. Just as with the NFPP, the RPFPs presented local authorities
with choices and directions for policy. The national and regional NEDA offices
direct the creation of RPFPs (except for NCR and ARMM), while each RPFP is
approved by the concerned Regional Development Council (this also excludes NCR
and ARMM, and also CAR). Except for two regions (NCR and CAR), target year of
current RPFPs of all the regions including ARMM is 2030.”
- An Overview of Spatial of Spatial Policy of Asian and
European Countries retrieved at https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/general/philippines/index_e.html. Accessed on October 19, 2017
a. Regional
Development Plan
“Regional development plans, meanwhile, stipulate
strategies, programs and projects that facilitate the goals of the national
plans.”
“Regional Development Council (RDC) organized in each region is the
counterpart of the NEDA regional office established in each region (except for
NCR, as well as ARMM) in deciding how plans should be implemented at the
regional and local levels. Each RDC is made up of regional/local
representatives, representatives from government arms in the region, and
members of the private sector.”
- An Overview of Spatial of Spatial Policy of Asian and
European Countries retrieved at https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/general/philippines/index_e.html. Accessed on October 19, 2017
3. Provincial
a. Provincial
Physical Framework Plan
The PPDFP is the plan that manages the territories of the province consistent
with the National Physical Framework Plan and the Regional Physical Framework
Plan and reflective of the CLUPs of its covered cities and municipalities.
b. Provincial
Development Plan
The Provincial Development Plan is the plan that promotes general
welfare of the inhabitants in the province consistent with the Philippine Development
Plan and the Regional Development Plan as well as its PPDFP and reflective of
the CDPs of its covered cities and municipalities.
4. Municipal/City
a. Comprehensive
Land Use Plan
“The CLUP is the plan for the management of local
territories. Planning as
management of local territories is a function of
the LGU pursuant to its status as
a political unit. Hence, the body principally
responsible for the CLUP is no less
than the highest policy-making body, the
legislative council or Sanggunian.
In a word, the CLUP is the long-term guide for
the physical development of the
local area, the framework for the management and
co-management of the local
territory. At the city and municipal levels, the
CLUP serves more than a
framework plan. It is at this level where the
CLUP is enacted into a zoning
ordinance(RA 7160, Sec. 20c) hence, it becomes a
statutory plan whose
provisions are not merely indicative but are
legally enforceable.”
- Rationalizing
the Planning System, First Edition, DILG, 2008
p. 6
b. CDP
The CDP is
the plan with which the LGU promotes the general welfare of its inhabitants in
its capacity as a corporate body. The responsibility for the CDP is given to
the LDC (RA 7160, Sec. 106 and 109). It must cover all the development sectors
to be comprehensive. (See Chapter 2 below.) Its time frame may by multi-year
but a short-term slice must be taken off which is coterminous with the term of the elective
local officials so that it can serve as an input to their executive-legislative agenda (ELA).
The
CDP consolidates the programs and projects necessary to carry out the
objectives
of the different development sectors. Some of these programs and projects are
incorporated in the local development investment program (LDIP) and are implemented
through the annual investment program (AIP) and the annual budget. Other
programs may be picked up by the national government and still others by the
private sector for implementation.
- Rationalizing
the Planning System, First Edition, DILG, 2008
p. 6-7
Regarding
the hierarchy and Linkage of Plan, the CLUP Guidebook Volume 1, 2013, has the
best explanation for this, as follows:
Hierarchy and Linkage of Plans
One
of the critical elements of a successful land use policy will be to establish
the primacy of the National Physical Framework Plan (NPFP) over all other types
of plans being made for the country, including the Philippine Medium-Term
Development Plan.
The
national land use policy and physical planning process shall be formulated
following a combined bottom-up and top-down approach. The NPFP, guides the
planning and management of the country’s land and other physical resources at
the national and sub-national levels It indicates broad spatial directions and
development guidelines on the four major land use policy areas, namely,
settlements development, production land use, protection land use, and
infrastructure development.
The
National Physical Framework Plan should be the reference point by which
subsequent national and local sectoral or development plans are directly linked
and aligned. In this way, all plans and programs prepared by national and local
government agencies should be seen as contributing and supportive of the
physical development objectives and goals of the adopted national, regional,
and local physical plans.
The Regional Physical Framework Plans
(RPFPs), Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plans (PDPFPs), and
Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs), shall cover the physical development of
their respective territories, and shall be consistent with the National
Physical Framework Plan. The integration and harmonization of the physical
framework plans at all levels shall be iterative to ensure that the concerns of
both top and bottom levels of government are considered. The physical and land
use plans prepared at all levels shall have internal consistency specifically
on, but not limited to, the development, management and conservation of
critical watersheds and forest re-serves, key biodiversity areas and national
parks, protected areas, coastal and inland waters, cultural and heritage sites
and ancestral lands found within a given territory. These plans shall likewise
be consistent and linked with the identified policy guidelines and options of
the four major land use policy areas to ensure their complementation in the
protection, conservation, development and management of these resources.
The PPFP shall determine the physical development of the
entire provincial territory, consolidate and harmonize the comprehensive land
use plans of component cities and municipalities. It shall reflect the
indica-tive land use management and physical development direction of the
province consistent with the RPFP.
The PPFP shall serve as basis for other sectoral
and development plans related to land, natural resources, and infrastructure
facilities, including the development plan of the province. It shall serve as
the basis for the preparation of the Provincial Development Plan (PDP) and
Provincial Development Investment Program (PDIP). The PPFP, PDP, PDIP and/or
Provincial Physical Development and Framework Plan (PDPFP) shall serve as the
basis for the formulation of sectoral action plans of national government
agencies in the province and all LGUs within its jurisdiction.
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) shall
determine the specific uses of land and other physical and natural resources,
both private and public, within their territorial jurisdiction including areas
co-managed with the national government and, as appropriate, management plans
for ancestral domains, critical watersheds, river basins, and protected areas.
The CLUP shall delineate actual boundaries on the ground within the territorial
jurisdiction, embody the desired land use patterns of the barangay, city or
municipality, translate and integrate sectoral plans, and provide appropriate
policies for each of the four land use planning categories. The spatial
directions prescribed in the CLUP shall serve as the basis for the preparation
and formulation of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and Local
Development Investment Programs (LDIP) of the LGUs.
At the local level, barangay development and
physical plans shall serve as the foundation in the preparation and formulation
of an LGU’s CLUP. This shall ensure not only the bottom-up and participatory
aspect of the land use policy but more importantly integrating local and
community land use priorities with the national and regional priorities.
- CLUP Guidebook Vol. 1, The Planning Process, 2013, p.18-19
<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4267074632853356"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
